The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provided a shared framework for global action and cooperation on development from 2000 to the end at 2015. Ahead of the MDG deadlines, the Open Working Group (OWG) for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed upon a proposed set at 17 sustainable development goals for the post-2015 era. Intergovernmental negotiations began in January 2015 and, in September 2015, the UNGA adopted its new development agenda.
Sustainable Development Goals SDGs and Targets
- Goal 1. End poverty in all its terms everywhere
- Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
- Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages , By 2030 reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
- Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all
- Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
- Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
- Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy services for all
- Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
- Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure. promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
- Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
- Goal 11. make cities and human settlements Inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
- Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
- Goal 13.Take urgent action to combat climate change and Its Impacts (acknowledging that the UNFCCC is the primary international. intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change)
- Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
- Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss
- Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
- Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
- Finance
- Strengthen domestic resource mobilisation. including through international support to developing countries to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.
- Developed countries to implement fully their ODA commitments, including provision of 0.7 per cent of GNI in ODA to developing countries of which 0.15-0.20 per cent would be to least-developed countries.
- Mobilise additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources.
- Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring. as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries (HIPC) to reduce debt distress.
- Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for LDCs.
2.Technology
- Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation, and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, particularly at UN level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism when it is agreed upon.
- Promote development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed upon.
- Fully operationailse the technology bank and STI (science, technology and innovation) capacity building mechanism for LDCs by 2017, and enhance the use oi enabling technologies in particular ICT.
3.Capacity Building
- Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all sustainable development goals,including through North South, South-South and triangular cooperation.
4.Trade
- Promote a universal, ruins-based. open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the WT 0 including through the conclusion ot negotiations within its Doha Development Agenda.
- increase significantly the exports cl developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the LDC share at global exports by 2020.
- Realise timely implementation at duty-tree, quota free market see as on a lasting basis for all least developed countries consistent with WTO decisions, including through ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from LDCs are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access.
5.Systemic issues
- Policy and institutional coherence
- Enhance global macroeconomic stability including through policy coordination and policy coherence.
- Enhance policy coherence tor sustainable development.
- Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies tor poverty eradication and sustainable development.
6.Muti-stakeholder partnerships
- Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development complemented by mule-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technologies and financial resources to support the achievement at sustainable development goals in all countries, particularly developing countries.
- Encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies at partnerships.
7.Data, monitoring and accountability
- By 2020, enhance capacity building support to developing countries, including for DCs and SIDS, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality,timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.
- By 2030 build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement GDP, and support statistical capacity building in developing countries.
Sustainable Development Goals Adopted at the 70th UN Session
- The heads of states and governments and high representatives, met at the United Nations headquarters in New York from September 25-27, 2015 as the organization celebrated its seventieth anniversary and it was at this session that the UN adopted the new global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- The UN on September 25, 2015 announced 17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 associated targets which are integrated and indivisible. For the first time, the world leaders pledged common action and endeavor across such a broad and universal policy agenda.
- The new goals and targets were to come into effect on January 1, 2016 and will guide the decisions of the UN over the next fifteen years. All countries will work towards achieving the goals, taking into account their respective national capabilities.
- The UN with the new SDGs has set a supremely ambitious and transformational Vision. lt envisages a world free of poverty, hunger, disease and wart, where all life can thrive.
- The UN envisages a world of universal respect for human rights and human dignity; the rule of law, justice, equality and non-discrimination; of respect for race,ethnicity and cultural diversity; and of equal opportunity permitting the full realization of human potential and contributing to shared prosperity.
- The UN envisages a world in which every country enjoys sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and decent work for all.
- The new agenda is guided by the purposes and principles of the charter of the United Nations, including full respect for international law. It is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human right treaties, the Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome document.
- The UN reaffirmed the outcomes of all major UN conferences and summits which have laid a solid foundation for sustainable development and have helped to shape the new agenda. These include the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; the World Summit on Sustainable Development; the World Summit for Social Development, the Programme of Action of the international Conference on Population and Development ,the Beijing Platform for action. and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio-+20).
- The scale and ambition of the new agenda requires a revitalized global partnership to ensure its implementation. This partnership will work in a spirit of global solidarity, in particular, solidarity with the poorest and with people constituting the vulnerable sections of the society.
- The UN supports the implementation of relevant strategies and programmes of action, including the Istanbul Declaration and Programme of Action, the SlDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the decade 2014-2024, and reaffirms the importance of supporting the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the programme of the New Pantnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), all of which are integral to the new agenda.
Follow-up and Review The countries have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review, at the national, regional and global levels, in relation to the progress made in implementing the goals and targets over the next fifteen years. The high-level political forum under the auspices of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council will have the central role in overseeing follow-up and review at the global level.
SDGs and MDGs
SDGs go far beyond the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Alongside continuing development priorities such as poverty eradication, health, education and food security and nutrition, they set out a wide range of economic, social and environmental objectives.
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